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91.
Neil F. Glasser Philip D. Hughes Cassandra Fenton Christoph Schnabel Henrik Rother 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(1):97-104
This paper presents results of the analysis of paired cosmogenic isotopes (10Be and 26Al) from eight quartz‐rich samples collected from ice‐moulded bedrock on the Aran ridge, the highest land in the British Isles south of Snowdon. On the Aran ridge, comprising the summits of Aran Fawddwy (905 m a.s.l.) and Aran Benllyn (885 m a.s.l.), 26Al and 10Be ages indicate complete ice coverage and glacial erosion at the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Six samples from the summit ridge above 750–800 m a.s.l. yielded paired 10Be and 26Al ages ranging from 17.2 to 34.4 ka, respectively. Four of these samples are very close in age (10Be ages of 17.5 ± 0.6, 17.5 ± 0.7, 19.7 ± 0.8 and 20.0 ± 0.7 ka) and are interpreted as representing the exposure age of the summit ridge. Two other summit samples are much older (10Be ages of 27.5 ± 1.0 and 33.9 ± 1.2 ka) and these results may indicate nuclide inheritance. The 26Al/10Be ratios for all samples are indistinguishable within one‐sigma uncertainty from the production rate ratio line, indicating that there is no evidence for a complex exposure history. These results indicate that the last Welsh Ice Cap was thick enough to completely cover the Aran ridge and achieve glacial erosion at the LGM. However, between c. 20 and 17 ka ridge summits were exposed as nunataks at a time when glacial erosion at lower elevations (below 750–800 m a.s.l.) was achieved by large outlet glaciers in the valleys surrounding the mountains. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
D. L. WHITNEY 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2011,29(4):425-449
Gneiss domes are commonly cored by quartzofeldspathic rocks that provide little information about the pressure–temperature–fluid history of the domes. Three northern Cordilleran migmatite domes (Thor‐Odin and Valhalla/Passmore, British Columbia, Canada; Okanogan, Washington, USA), however, contain Mg–Al‐rich orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss as layers and lenses that record metamorphic conditions and pressure–temperature (P–T) path information not preserved in the host migmatite. These Mg–Al‐rich rocks are therefore a valuable archive of metamorphic conditions during dome evolution, although refractory rocks such as these commonly contain reaction textures that may complicate the calculation of metamorphic conditions. In the Okanogan dome, Mg–Al‐rich layers are part of the Tunk Creek unit, which occurs at the periphery of an underlying migmatite domain. Bulk compositional layers (mm‐ to m‐scale) consist of gedrite‐dominated, hornblende‐dominated and biotite‐bearing layers that contain variable amounts of gedrite, hornblende, anorthite, cordierite, spinel, sapphirine, corundum, kyanite, biotite and/or staurolite. The presence of different compositional layers (some with reaction textures, some without) allows systematic analysis of metamorphic history by a combined petrographic and phase equilibrium analysis. Gedrite‐dominated layers containing relict kyanite preserve evidence of the highest‐P conditions; symplectitic and coronal reaction textures around kyanite indicate decompression at high temperature. Gedrite‐dominated layers lacking these reaction textures contain layers of sapphirine and spinel in apparent textural equilibrium and record a later high‐T–low‐P part of the path. Phase equilibria (pseudosection) analysis for layers that lack reaction textures indicates metamorphic conditions of 720–750 °C at a range of pressures (>8 to <4 kbar) following decompression. Elevated crustal temperatures and concordant structural fabrics in the Tunk Creek unit and underlying migmatite domain suggest that the calculated P–T conditions recorded in Tunk Creek rocks were coeval with anatexis, extension, and dome formation in Palaeocene–Eocene time. In contrast to orthoamphibole‐cordierite gneiss in the other Cordilleran domes, the Tunk Creek unit occurs as a discontinuous km‐scale layer rather than as smaller (m‐scale) pods, is more calcic, and lacks garnet. In addition, kyanite did not transform to sillimanite, and spinel commonly occurs as a blocky matrix phase in addition to vermicules in symplectite. These differences, along with the compositional layering, allow an analysis of bulk composition v. tectonic (P–T path) controls on mineral assemblages and textures. Pseudosection modelling of different layers in the Tunk Creek unit provides a basis for understanding the metamorphic history of these texturally complex, refractory rocks and their host gneiss domes, and other such rocks in similar tectonic settings. 相似文献
93.
仇山酸化钙基膨润土的 27Al和 29Si 魔角旋转核磁共振谱及脱色率研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对用不同酸度处理的仇山钙基膨润土进行了化学分析、X射线衍线(XRD)、^27Al和^29Si魔角旋转核磁共振(MAS NMR)、吡啶吸附样品的红外光谱(IR)、比表面积、阳离子交换容量(CEC)和脱色率等测定。结果表明,随着处理酸度的增加和蒙脱石中阳离子的溶出,它的d(001)的衍射强度降低,同时其Si和Al原子局域结构环境发生了显著的改变,Al原子由Al^Ⅵ变成Al^Ⅵ,Si原子由Q^Si(0Al)结构向Q^4Si(0Al)和Q^3Si(1OH)结构转变。八面体片阳离子的溶出和Si,Al原子局域结构环境的转变,显著地增加了比表面积和孔结构;Al^Ⅵ向Al^Ⅵ的转变形成了Lewis酸中心,而Si原子局域结构环境的改变形成了Br φnsted酸中心。膨润土脱色率随处理酸度增加的本质原因是在Si和Al原子局域环境的变化过程中,在其表面分别形成了Brφnsted酸中心和Lewis酸中心。 相似文献
94.
Arjun M. Heimsath William E. Dietrich Kunihiko Nishiizumi Robert C. Finkel 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(5):531-552
Landscapes in areas of active uplift and erosion can only remain soil‐mantled if the local production of soil equals or exceeds the local erosion rate. The soil production rate varies with soil depth, hence local variation in soil depth may provide clues about spatial variation in erosion rates. If uplift and the consequent erosion rates are sufficiently uniform in space and time, then there will be tendency toward equilibrium landforms shaped by the erosional processes. Soil mantle thickness would adjust such that soil production matched the erosion. Previous work in the Oregon Coast Range suggested that there may be a tendency locally toward equilibrium between hillslope erosion and sediment yield. Here results from a new methodology based on cosmogenic radionuclide accumulation in bedrock minerals at the base of the soil column are reported. We quantify how soil production varies with soil thickness in the southern Oregon Coast Range and explore further the issue of landscape equilibrium. Apparent soil production is determined to be an inverse exponential function of soil depth, with a maximum inferred production rate of 268 m Ma?1 occurring under zero soil depth. This rate depends, however, on the degree of weathering of the underlying bedrock. The stochastic and large‐scale nature of soil production by biogenic processes leads to large temporal and spatial variations in soil depth; the spatial variation of soil depth neither supports nor rejects equilibrium morphology. Our observed catchment‐averaged erosion rate of 117 m Ma?1 is, however, similar to that estimated for the region by others, and to soil production rates under thin and intermediate soils typical for the steep ridges. We suggest that portions of the Oregon Coast Range may be eroding at roughly the same rate, but that local competition between drainage networks and episodic erosional events leads to landforms that are out of equilibrium locally and have a spatially varying soil mantle. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
95.
Thermal History of the Horoman Peridotite Complex: A Record of Thermal Perturbation in the Lithospheric Mantle 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ascent history of the Horoman peridotite complex, Hokkaido,northern Japan, is revised on the basis of a detailed studyof large ortho- and clinopyroxene grains 1 cm in size (megacrysts)in the Upper Zone of the complex. The orthopyroxene megacrystsexhibit distinctive M-shaped Al zoning patterns, which werenot observed in porphyroclastic grains less than 5 mm in sizedescribed in previous studies. Moreover, the Al and Ca contentsof the cores of the orthopyroxene megacrysts are lower thanthose of the porphyroclasts. The Upper Zone is inferred to haveresided not only at a higher temperature than previously suggestedbut also at a higher pressure (1070°C, 2·3 GPa) thanthe Lower Zone (950°C, 1·9 GPa), in the garnet stabilityfield, before the ascent of the two zones. The Horoman complexprobably represents a 12 ± 5 km thick section of lithosphericmantle with an 10 ± 8°C/km vertical thermal gradient.The current thickness of the Horoman complex is 3 km, whichis a result of shortening of the lithospheric mantle by 0·25± 0·1 during its ascent. The Upper Zone appearsto have experienced a heating event during its ascent throughthe spinel stability field, with a peak temperature as highas 1200°C. The effect of heating decreases continuouslytowards the base of the complex, and the lowermost part of theLower Zone underwent very minor heating at a pressure higherthan 0·5 GPa. The uplift and associated deformation,as well as heating, was probably driven by the ascent of a hotasthenospheric upper-mantle diapir into the Horoman lithosphere. KEY WORDS: Horoman; PT trajectory; thermal history; Al diffusion in pyroxene; geothermobarometry 相似文献
96.
原地生成宇宙成因核素^10Be和^26Al样品采集及处理 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
着重介绍原地生成宇宙成因核素^10Be和^26Al理想样品的特点、野外采集注意事项、实验室分离与纯化以及加速器质谱测量用靶样制备等。 相似文献
97.
The main driving force behind Al/Si ordering in tetrahedral framework aluminosilicates is nearest-neighbour Al/Al avoidance.
Computer simulation is used to explore the direct consequences of such Al/Al avoidance. The main result is that the order-disorder
transition temperature T
c
falls dramatically as the concentration x of Al in the structure is reduced, and if the only interactions are those associated with nearest-neighbour Al/Al avoidance,
T
c
becomes zero for x less than some critical value x
c
, where x
c
=0.31 for the feldspar framework and x
c
=0.34 for cordierite. Also a large degree of short range order is found above T
c
. Both results differ radically from the standard Bragg-Williams model. Plots of entropy and enthalpy of ordering are given
as functions of x and T, which may be used to interpret experimental data or for extrapolation into ranges of x and T inaccessible to experiment.
Received: 14 May 1997 / Revised, accepted: 2 June 1997 相似文献
98.
绿洲可持续性评价——以张掖绿洲为例 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
随着绿洲经验的发展,人口的剧增,使得人们对自然资源的需求持续扩大,再加上掠夺式经营和不合理开发,导致了绿洲生态破坏,环境污染等一系列问题,对绿洲的可持续性构成了威胁。本文以张掖绿洲为例,从资源承载力和“三生”指标分析其可持续性,从而提出走向可持续发展的对策建议。 相似文献
99.
绿洲边缘内外大气中水汽影响辐射传输分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
水汽是大气中影响辐射传输的重要因子之一,实验观测表明在绿洲内外近地层大气中水汽含量存在一定的差异,因此绿洲边缘内外在气中辐射传输特征也不同。本文通过应用MODTRAN辐射模式和“干旱环境综合研究计划95”(简称AECMP95)野外实验近地面观测资料,分析了局地大气对达到地面辐射通量密度或辐射率、透射的影响,并与地面观测结果进行了比较,同时对绿洲边缘内外太阳辐射近红外1.55 ̄1.7μm带和大气窗区 相似文献
100.
李迪恩 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1997,(2)
硅酸盐玻璃和熔体中硅和铝的配位与局部结构:K边X射线吸收光谱研究*李迪恩(中山大学地质系,广州510275)关键词硅酸盐玻璃和熔体硅和铝的配位X射线吸光谱高压下硅酸盐矿物和玻璃中的硅可以形成八面体配位[1],但在通常的低压硅酸盐玻璃中,硅和铝为四面体... 相似文献